Written By: Saanvi Mishra, Junior researcher, Hisar
The recurring volatility in global oil and gas markets highlights India’s vulnerability as one of the world’s largest energy importers. To secure long-term energy independence, India must focus on domestic resources and accelerate the transition toward clean alternatives; including hydrogen produced through water electrolysis.
Water electrolysis is a clean technology that uses electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. When powered by renewable sources such as solar and wind energy, the process produces green hydrogen, a zero-emission fuel with the potential to transform India’s energy landscape.
Green hydrogen can support industries that are difficult to decarbonize, including steel production, replace imported natural gas, and provide cleaner solutions for long-distance transport. The oxygen produced as a by-product can also support sectors such as healthcare and manufacturing.
India’s strong solar and wind energy potential gives the country a significant advantage in becoming a global leader in green hydrogen production. Initiatives such as the National Green Hydrogen Mission represent an important step toward developing this emerging sector and reducing dependence on imported energy.
However, unlocking the full potential of green hydrogen requires action in three key areas:
First, investment in technology and domestic manufacturing is essential. Lowering the high initial costs of electrolyzers and encouraging local production will be critical for expanding the industry.
Second, sustainable water management must remain a priority. Using desalinated seawater and recycled industrial wastewater for hydrogen production can help protect limited freshwater resources.
Third, India must invest in workforce development. Training engineers and technicians in chemical processes, renewable energy systems and high-pressure gas management will be necessary to operate this new infrastructure safely.
By transforming its abundant sunlight and water resources into clean, storable energy, India can strengthen energy security, create new industries, reduce foreign energy dependence and move closer to a sustainable energy future.
